ISO week numbers
ISO 8601 weeks start on Monday, and week 1 is the week that contains the year’s first Thursday (equivalently, 4 January). A year therefore has 52 or 53 weeks, and the first days of January can belong to the last week of the previous year.
The Gregorian leap-year rule: a year divisible by 4 is a leap year, except years divisible by 100, unless they are also divisible by 400. So 2000 was a leap year and 2100 will not be.